(LaFeber 1991)ĭuring the war, both sides disagreed on military tactics, especially the question of the opening of a second front against Germany in Western Europe, which Stalin had requested of the Anglo-American Allies since 1942-around two years before D-Day on June 6, 1944. (LaFeber 1991) From 1941 to 1945, the alliance was only a temporary aberration in the post-1890s relationship between Russia and America. Roosevelt, however, feared Joseph Stalin would again, make a settlement with Germany, as he did in August 1939 with the German-Soviet Non-aggression Pact. Moscow recalled Western appeasement of Adolf Hitler after the signing of the Munich Pact in 1936. Both sides feared the other might pull out of the war effort and make a separate settlement with Germany. The period of prewar diplomacy also left both sides were wary of the other's intentions and motives. finally recognized the Soviet Union diplomatically in 1933. In World War I, the U.S., Britain, and Russia had been allies until the Bolsheviks seized power in 1917 and, after winning a civil war ( see Russian Civil War), proclaimed of a worldwide challenge to capitalism.
Russia, unable to compete industrially with the U.S., sought to close off parts of East Asia to trade with other colonial powers the U.S., however, demanded open competition for markets. and Tsarist Russia became rivals over the development of Manchuria. historian Walter LaFeber argues that the roots of U.S.-Russan tensions can be traced back to the 1890s, when U.S. However, from the start, the alliance between the Soviet Union, the world's first Communist state the United States, the capitalist world's leading economic power and the United Kingdom, the world's largest colonial empire were marked by mutual distrust and ideological tension. The challenge of Nazi Germany forced the Western Allies and the Soviets into wartime cooperation. The Cold War ended in the late 1980s with Mikhail Gorbachev's launching of his internal reform programs perestroika and glasnost and gave up power over Eastern Europe in 1991 Soviet Union dissolved. There were repeated crises that threatened to escalate into world wars (but never did), notably the Korean War (1950-1953), the Cuban Missile Crisis (1962), and the Vietnam War (1964-1975), but there were also periods when tension was reduced as both sides sought détente. sought " containment" of communism and forged alliances, particularly in Western Europe, the Mideast, and Southeast Asia. Over the following decades, the Cold War spread outside Europe to every region of the world, as the U.S.
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and the Soviet Union had been wartime allies against Nazi Germany, even before the end of the Second World War, the two sides differed on how to reconstruct the postwar world.
There also were proxy wars, such as the Korean War and the Vietnam War.Īlthough the U.S. But there was a half-century of military buildups, and political battles for support around the world. There never was a major battle between the U.S. In 1947 the term "Cold War" was introduced by Americans Bernard Baruch and Walter Lippmann to describe emerging tensions between the two former wartime allies. Throughout the period, the rivalry was played out in multiple arenas: military coalitions, ideology a massive conventional and nuclear arms race and proxy wars. The main Soviet allies were Eastern Europe and (until the Sino-Soviet Split), China. The Cold War was the period of protracted conflict and competition between the United States and the Soviet Union and their allies from the late 1950s until the late 1980s. Related subjects: Recent History History of the
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